C1V1 = C2V2 Dilution Calculator
Leave one field blank to solve for it.
Common Lab Dilution Examples
Typical dilution scenarios using C1V1 = C2V2.
| Stock (C1) | Desired (C2) | Final Vol (V2) | Volume to Take (V1) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 12 M HCl | 1 M | 500 mL | 41.7 mL |
| 10 M NaOH | 0.1 M | 1 L | 10 mL |
| 18 M H₂SO₄ | 2 M | 250 mL | 27.8 mL |
| 100 mg/mL | 1 mg/mL | 100 mL | 1 mL |
| 70% Ethanol | 10% | 500 mL | 71.4 mL |
| 5 M NaCl | 0.15 M | 1 L | 30 mL |
| 1 M Tris | 50 mM | 200 mL | 10 mL |
| 10× PBS | 1× | 1 L | 100 mL |
How We Calculate This
This dilution calculator uses established formulas and industry-standard data to provide accurate estimates.
- Enter your specific values into the calculator fields above
- Our algorithm applies the relevant formulas using your inputs
- Results are calculated instantly in your browser — nothing is sent to a server
- Review the detailed breakdown to understand how each factor affects your result
These calculations are estimates based on standard formulas. For critical decisions, always consult a qualified professional.
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The dilution equation C1V1 = C2V2 relates the concentration and volume of a solution before and after dilution. Since the amount of solute stays constant, the product of concentration and volume must be equal.
The basic rule:
- C1V1 = C2V2 where C = concentration, V = volume; subscript 1 = initial (stock), subscript 2 = final (diluted)
- Leave exactly one field blank and the calculator solves for it
- Concentration units must match (both in M, mM, %, etc.) — the calculator assumes same units for C1 and C2
- Solvent to add = V2 − V1 (the amount of diluent, usually water, to add to your aliquot)
This equation works for any dilution where the solute is fully dissolved and the volumes are additive. For serial dilutions, apply the formula repeatedly at each step.
When Would You Use This Calculator?
This dilution calculator is designed for anyone who needs quick, reliable estimates without complex spreadsheets or professional consultations.
- When you need a quick estimate before committing to a purchase or project
- When comparing different options or scenarios side by side
- When planning a budget and need to understand potential costs
- When you want to verify a quote or estimate you've received from a professional
- When teaching or learning about the concepts behind these calculations
Frequently Asked Questions
What does C1V1 = C2V2 mean?
It means the amount of solute before dilution equals the amount after dilution. C1 is the stock concentration, V1 is the volume you take from the stock, C2 is your desired final concentration, and V2 is the total final volume.
How do I use this for a serial dilution?
For serial dilutions, apply C1V1 = C2V2 at each step. For a 1:10 serial dilution, take 1 mL of each solution and add 9 mL of diluent. The concentration drops by 10× at each step.
Do the concentration units need to match?
Yes, C1 and C2 must be in the same units (both M, both mM, both %, etc.). The volume units for V1 and V2 must also match. The calculator handles unit conversion for volumes.
What if my final concentration is higher than my stock?
That would require concentration (evaporation), not dilution. C1V1 = C2V2 only works when C2 < C1. You cannot dilute a solution to make it more concentrated.
Can I use this for diluting acids?
Yes, the math works the same. Always remember to add acid to water (not water to acid) for safety. The heat of mixing can cause splattering if water is added to concentrated acid.